低温环境下结构陶瓷的相变、断裂机理与性能的研究进展

低温技术的不断发展使其应用于越来越多的领域中, 例如航空航天、超导、核聚变等。在一些低温工程领域中, 结构陶瓷有着其他材料不可替代的应用前景。本文综述了低温极端环境下几种典型结构陶瓷材料的国内外研究现状与进展, 包括氧化锆基结构陶瓷在低温下的相变机理与性能、氧化铝陶瓷的低温性能以及氮化硅、碳化硅等非氧化物陶瓷在低温下的基础力学性能及断裂机理。

Research Progress on the Transformation,Fracture Mechanism and Properties of Structural Ceramics at Cryogenic Temperatures

Currently, the rapid development of cryogenic techniques makes them required for a wide range of applications such as aeronautics & astronautics, superconducting fields, nuclear fusion and so on. Structural ceramics are promising cryogenic structural materials which are prior to some kinds of metals and polymer materials in some specific applications. The research history and progress of several classical types of structural ceramics at cryogenic temperatures are reviewed. The contents of the present paper include the transformation mechanism and properties of zirconia-based ceramics, alumina ceramics and basic mechanical properties and fracture mechanisms of Si3N4 and SiC ceramics at cryogenic temperatures.