燃料和基板对火焰法制备一维碳纳米材料的影响

以乙醇、甲醇及液化石油气为碳源，低碳钢及含Ni合金钢等为基板，采用火焰法成功地制备出了一维碳纳米材料，包括碳纳米管（CNTs）和一种新的“实心”碳纳米纤维（CNFs）。利用场发射枪高分辨扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）和激光Raman光谱对碳纳米材料的结构进行了表征。发现基板材料决定燃烧生成物的性质，含Fe元素及其化合物的基板材料倾向于合成“实心”碳纳米纤维，而含Nj元素及其化合物的基板材料倾向于合成“空心”的碳纳米管，认为这是由于碳与Fe的亲和力比Ni大而造成的。不同碳源对一维碳纳米材料的形态也有影响，这与它们的含碳量和燃烧热等不同有关。

Influence of fuels and substrates on flame synthesis of one-dimensional carbon nanomaterials

One-dimensional carbon nanomaterials involving carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and novel solid-cored carbon nanofibers (CNFs) were synthesized from flames by using methanol, ethanol and liquefied petroleum gas as fuels, and low carbon mild steel and Ni-contained alloys as substrates. The nanomaterials were characterized by field emission high resolution scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and laser Raman spectroscopy. It was found that the morphologies of the nanomaterials were determined mainly by the substrates. A substrate containing Fe tended to produce the solid-cored CNFs on low carbon mild steel substrates, whereas a substrate containing Ni tended to produce hollow-cored CNTs. This was because Fe has a stronger affinity for carbon than Ni. The fuels also influenced the morphologies of the nanomaterials due to the differences in carbon content and combustion energy, etc.