Ways to open innovation: Main agents and sources in the Portuguese case |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Research Centre for Spatial and Organizational Dynamics, Faculty of Economics, University of Algarve Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;2. School of Economics and Management (ISEG), University of Lisbon, Rua do Quelhas n.º 6, 1200-781 Lisboa, Portugal;1. University of Ottawa, Communication Department, 55 Laurier E. (DMS 11125), Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada;2. E-Business Technologies, University of Ottawa, Communication Department, 55 Laurier E. 55(DMS 11101), Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada;1. School of Business and Economics, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;2. Strategy Department, European Space Agency (ESA), 8–10 rue Mario Nikis, 75738 Paris Cedex 15, France;3. Department of Industrial Engineering & Innovation Sciences, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands;1. School of Business and Economics, Universiti Brunei Darussalam (UBD), Brunei Darussalam;2. Kingston Business School, Kingston University London, Kingston Hill Campus, Kingston Hill, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey KT2 7LB, United Kingdom;3. SBRC, Kingston Business School, Kingston University London, Kingston Hill Campus, Kingston Hill, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey KT2 7LB, United Kingdom;4. Kent Business School, University of Kent, Parkwood Road, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7FS, United Kingdom;1. Department of Organization and Management, CUNEF School of Business and Finance, C/Leonardo Prieto Castro 2, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain;2. Ikujiro Nonaka Reseach Centre on Knowledge and Innovation, CUNEF School of Business and Finance. C/Leonardo Prieto Castro 2, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain;3. Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Economics and Business, Complutense de Madrid University, Campus de Somosaguas, s/n. 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain |
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| Abstract: | Facing increasing open innovation trends, Portuguese enterprises are considering the related processes and impacts. Thus, this work aims to identify the sectors whose enterprises most engage in open innovation (such as cooperation on this issue) and which sources/agents are most used. This is analyzed by sector and type of innovation as an interesting way of differentiation for better open innovation strategy delineation. Using the data from the Community Innovation Survey (CIS-2012), it first appraises the nature of the innovation process, either cooperative or firm-based, as the starting level of analysis. Then, it differentiates the results by sector illustrating which cooperation sources/agents are most used (scope) and relative intensity of use (scale). This is important to assess levels of openness and related factors. Results show that main innovating sectors in Portugal are of three types: research-based, knowledge-based and service-based. They reveal an increasing focus on knowledge and services, trends that have been leading to more active openness towards innovation. For instance, health and construction are increasing their openness for innovating and internationalizing processes. However, Portuguese innovation is still more firm-based (in-house) than cooperation-based, especially concerning new products' launching. This work and future analyzes around it can contribute to encourage the open innovation strategy in more sectors of the economy as an easy and effective way to cope with rapid trends and changes. |
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| Keywords: | Open innovation Cooperation Agents Sources Scope Scale |
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