DEM simulation of binary sphere packing densification under vertical vibration

The densification of random binary sphere packings subjected to vertical vibration was modeled by using the discrete element method (DEM). The influences of operating parameters such as the vibration conditions, sphere size ratio (diameter ratio of larger versus small spheres), and composition (volume fraction of large spheres) of the binary mixture on the fractional packing density φ (defined as the volume of spheres divided by the volume of container) were studied. Two packing states, i.e., random loose packing (RLP) and random close packing (RCP), were reproduced and their micro properties such as the coordination number (CN), radial distribution function (RDF), and force structure were characterized and compared. The results indicate that properly controlling vibration conditions can realize the transition of binary packing structure from the RLP to RCP state when the sphere size ratio and composition are fixed, and the fractional packing density for RCP after vibration can reach φ_RCP?≈?0.86. Different packing characteristics from RLP and RCP identify that RCP shows much denser and more uniform structure than RLP. The current modeling results are in good agreement with those obtained from both the physical experiments and the proposed empirical models in the literature.