Microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of zinc oxide particles starting from chloride precursor |
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| Authors: | Chun-Chieh Tseng Yu-Hsien Chou Chung-Ming Liu Yih-Ming Liu Ming-Der Ger Youn-Yuen Shu |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Environmental Analysis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung 802, Taiwan, ROC;2. Nanopowder and Thin Film Technology Center, ITRI-South Industrial Technology Research Institute, Tainan 709, Taiwan, ROC;3. Department of Chemical and Material Engineering, LungHwa University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 306, Taiwan, ROC;4. Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chung Cheng Institute of Technology, National Defense University, Ta-His, Tao-Yuan 335, Taiwan, ROC;1. Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China;2. School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China;1. State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;3. School of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, China;1. School of Science, Engineering University of CAPF, Xi’an 710086, PR China;2. State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, PR China;1. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia;2. Department of Reactor Physics, NRC, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt;3. Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute, Helwan, Cairo 11421, Egypt |
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| Abstract: | Zinc oxide (ZnO) was synthesized using a microwave assisted hydrothermal (MAH) process based on chloride/urea/water solution and under 800 W irradiation for 5 min. In the bath, Zn2+ ions reacted with the complex carbonate and hydroxide ions to form zinc carbonate hydroxide hydrate (Zn4CO3(OH)6·H2O), and the conversion from Zn4CO3(OH)6·H2O to ZnO was synchronously achieved by a MAH process. The as-prepared ZnO has a sponge-like morphology. However, the initial sponge-like morphology of ZnO could change to a net-like structure after thermal treatment, and compact nano-scale ZnO particles were finally obtained when the period of thermal treatment increased to 30 min. Pure ZnO nanoparticles was obtained from calcination of loose sponge-like ZnO particles at 500 °C. The analysis of optical properties of these ZnO nanoparticles showed that the intensity of 393 nm emission increased with the calcination temperature because the defects were reduced and the crystallinity was improved. |
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