用于1型糖尿病细胞治疗的胰岛低温保存进展

近年来，1型糖尿病细胞治疗技术发展迅速，但供体胰岛的缺乏及供体与受体在时间和空间上的不匹配限制了其在临床上的应用。低温保存技术可以解决该限制，但经传统低温保存方法保存的胰岛存活率和功能性均较差，难以达到临床应用的标准。本文对胰岛低温保存原理及低温保存过程中造成胰岛损伤的因素进行了分类归纳，从冰晶损伤抑制、保护剂损伤抑制和缺氧损伤抑制三个方面综述了近些年来胰岛低温保存技术的发展。由于材料科学、分子生物学、低温生物学等交叉学科研究的发展，诸多新材料新方法应用于胰岛保存领域，使低温保存后胰岛的质量得到进一步提升。但目前仍缺乏可以大量高质量低温保存胰岛的方法，有关新技术新材料对于胰岛低温保存的保护作用机理及潜在的不利影响的研究尚不够深入。在后续研究中，新材料、新技术特别是高通量保存技术的开发以及对低温损伤机理的研究仍然是胰岛低温保存领域的主要任务。

Development of Islet Cryopreservation for Type 1 Diabetes Cell Therapy

In recent years, cell therapy technology for type 1 diabetes has advanced rapidly, but the lack of donor pancreatic islets and the time and space mismatch between donor and recipient limits its clinical application. Cryopreservation technology provides a way to solve this problem. However, the survival rate and functionality of pancreatic islets that are preserved by traditional cryopreservation methods are poor, and it is difficult to achieve the required standard of clinical application. This study classifies and summarizes the principles of islet cryopreservation and the factors that cause islet damage during cryopreservation. It summarizes the development of pancreatic islet cryopreservation technology in recent years in terms of the inhibition of ice crystal damage, protective agents, and hypoxia injury. Due to the development of interdisciplinary research in materials science, molecular biology, and cryobiology, many new materials and methods have been developed in the field of islet preservation, which has further improved the quality of pancreatic islets after cryopreservation. However, there are few high-throughput vitrification methods developed for islet preservation. In addition, more research is needed on the potential adverse effects and protective mechanisms of new technology and materials for islet cryopreservation. In follow-up research, the development of new materials and technologies, especially high-throughput preservation technology, and the mechanism of low-temperature damage in the field of pancreatic islet cryopreservation will be investigated.