随机环境下班轮公司之间合作调箱研究

目的研究随机因素对2种调箱方式的影响,以体现合作调箱方式在随机环境下的优越性。方法综合考虑港口空箱需求和空箱运力限额的随机性,以决策周期内调箱总成本最小为目标,构建随机环境下班轮公司之间合作调箱模型,然后通过算例,研究不同港口服务水平和运力限制水平对2种调箱方式的影响,以及对调箱系统中随机因素进行灵敏度分析。结果当班轮公司采用保守-成本型决策、保守-服务型决策、冒险-成本型决策、冒险-服务型决策时,2种调箱方式的总成本差值分别为9638,22862,10710,19284美元。结论降低运力限制水平可以压缩调箱总成本,但是提高港口服务水平会增加调箱总成本,且当港口服务水平和运力限制水平均处于高值时,合作调箱方式的优势更加显著;与单独调箱方式相比,合作调箱方式可以降低调箱系统中随机因素波动对调箱总成本的影响。

Collaborative Empty Container Allocation between Liner Companies in Random Environment

The work aims to study the impact of random factors on two empty container allocation modes in order to show the superiority of collaborative empty container allocation mode in random environment. Considering the randomness of empty container demand in a port and empty container shipping capacity limit, the minimum cost of empty container allocation in the decision period was taken as objective to set up the collaborative empty container allocation model between liner companies in random environment. Then, through an example, the influence of different port service level and capacity restriction level on empty container allocation decision was discussed, and the sensitivity of stochastic factors in the empty container allocation system was analyzed. When liner companies adopted the conservative-cost decision, the conservative-service decision, the risk-cost decision, and the risk-service decision, the total cost difference of two empty container allocation modes was respectively 9638, 22 862, 10 710, and 19 284 dollars. In summary, reducing the capacity restriction level can compress the total cost of empty container allocation, but increasing the port service level will add the total cost of empty container allocation, and the advantage of collaborative empty container allocation mode is more obvious when the port service level and the capacity restriction level are at a high level. Compared with the individual empty container allocation mode, the collaborative empty container allocation mode can weaken the influence of stochastic factor fluctuation in the empty container allocation system on the total cost of empty container allocation.