基于FDS和元胞自动机动态耦合的火灾疏散模型

为研究火灾场景下温度、烟气和CO浓度等灾害因子对疏散的影响，建立基于FDS和元胞自动机动态耦合的火灾疏散模型。将FDS的网格和元胞自动机的元胞一一对应，将由FDS运行得到的灾害数据通过Python等技术手段实时加载到元胞中，使灾害数据持续影响行人转移概率，从而实现灾害和疏散的动态耦合；以单层教学楼作为仿真场景进行模拟分析，对火源位置和热释放速率等因素进行讨论，得出这些因素对行人疏散进程的影响规律；将模型与传统软件和同类方案进行对比。研究表明，火灾导致的高温和烟气会影响行人对疏散路径和安全出口的选择；热释放速率越大，行人越早处于危险状态，同时处于危险状态的行人也越多；该模型相比传统疏散软件不仅能考虑火灾产生的致灾因子对行人疏散的动态影响，还能确定行人最早处于危险状态的位置和时间，并用可视化的方式表现出来。

Fire evacuation model based on dynamic coupling of FDS and cellular automata

To study the influence of disaster factors such as temperature, smoke, and CO concentration on evacuation at the fire scene, this paper established a fire evacuation model based on the dynamic coupling of FDS and cellular automata. It mapped the grid of FDS and the cell of cellular automata one by one, and loaded the disaster data obtained from the operation of FDS into the cell in real-time through Python and other technical means, so that the disaster data could continuously affect the pedestrian transfer probability, to realize the dynamic coupling between disaster and evacuation. Taking the single-story teaching building as the simulation scene for simulation analysis, this paper discussed the factors such as fire source location and heat release rate, and obtained the influence law of these factors on pedestrian evacuation process. Compared the model with traditional software and similar schemes, the result shows that the high temperature and smoke caused by fire will affect the choice of pedestrian evacuation path and emergency exit, the greater the heat release rate, the earlier pedestrians are in danger, and the more pedestrians are in danger at the same time. Compared with the traditional evacuation software, the model can not only consider the dynamic impact of the disaster causing factors caused by fire on pedestrian evacuation, but also determine the location and time of pedestrians in the first dangerous state, which can be displayed visually.