基于遗传算法和模糊C均值聚类的WSN分簇路由算法

针对无线传感器网络(WSN)的节点能量有限、生命周期短、吞吐量低等问题,提出一种基于遗传算法(GA)和模糊C均值(FCM)聚类的WSN分簇路由算法GAFCMCR,采取“集中分簇,分布簇头选举”的方式。网络初始化时基站采用由GA优化的FCM聚类算法形成网络分簇。第一轮簇头由距簇中心最近的节点担任;从第二轮开始,簇头的选举由上一轮的簇头负责,选举过程综合考虑候选节点的剩余能量、与基站的距离、与簇内其他节点的平均距离三个因子,并根据网络状态实时调整三个因子的权重。在数据传输阶段,将轮询机制引入簇内通信。仿真结果表明,相同网络环境下,与LEACH算法和基于K-Means的均匀分簇路由(KUCR)算法相比,GAFCMCR将网络生命周期延长了105%和20%。GAFCMCR成簇效果良好,具有良好的能量均衡性和更高的吞吐量。

WSN clustering routing algorithm based on genetic algorithm and fuzzy C-means clustering

Aiming at the problems of limited energy of nodes, short life cycle and low throughput of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), a WSN Clustering Routing algorithm based on Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering (GAFCMCR) was proposed, which adopted the method of centralized clustering and distributed cluster head election. Network clustering was performed by the base station using a FCM clustering algorithm optimized by GA during network initialization. The cluster head of the first round was the node closest to the center of the cluster. From the second round, the election of the cluster head was carried out by the cluster head of the previous round. The residual energy of candidate node, the distance from the node to the base station, and the mean distance from the node to other nodes in the cluster were considered in the election process, and the weights of these three factors were real-time adjusted according to network status. In the data transfer phase, the polling mechanism was introduced into intra-cluster communication. The simulation results show that, compared with the LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) algorithm and the K-means-based Uniform Clustering Routing (KUCR) algorithm, the life cycle of the network in GAFCMCR is prolonged by 105% and 20% respectively. GAFCMCR has good clustering effect, good energy balance and higher throughput.