优化的基于错误学习问题的CKKS方案

针对基于错误学习（LWE）问题的CKKS同态加密方案在密态数据计算中存在的密文大、计算密钥生成复杂以及同态计算效率低的缺陷，运用比特丢弃和同态计算密钥重组的方法，提出了一种优化的LWE型CKKS方案。首先，丢弃密文向量的部分低位比特和同态乘法计算中密文张量积的部分低位比特，从而减小了同态乘法过程中的密文规模；其次，针对比特丢弃对同态计算密钥进行重组和优化，从而去除密钥交换过程中powersof2含有的无关扩展项并降低计算密钥的规模和同态乘法过程中的噪声增长规模。在保证原有方案安全性的基础上，所提优化方案使得计算密钥的维度减少，使得同态乘法的计算复杂性降低。分析结果表明，所提出的优化方案在一定程度上降低了同态计算及计算密钥生成过程的计算复杂性，从而降低了存储开销并提升了同态乘法运算的效率。

Optimized CKKS scheme based on learning with errors problem

Focused on the issue that the CKKS (Cheon-Kim-Kim-Song) homomorphic encryption scheme based on the Learning With Errors (LWE) problem has large ciphertext, complicated calculation key generation and low homomorphic calculation efficiency in the encrypted data calculation, an optimized scheme of LWE type CKKS was proposed through the method of bit discarding and homomorphic calculation key reorganization. Firstly, the size of the ciphertext in the homomorphic multiplication process was reduced by discarding part of the low-order bits of the ciphertext vector and part of the low-order bits of the ciphertext tensor product in the homomorphic multiplication. Secondly, the method of bit discarding was used to reorganize and optimize the homomorphic calculation key, so as to remove the irrelevant extension items in powersof2 during the key exchange procedure and reduce the scale of the calculation key as well as the noise increase in the process of homomorphic multiplication. On the basis of ensuring the security of the original scheme, the proposed optimized scheme makes the dimension of the calculation key reduced, and the computational complexity of the homomorphic multiplication reduced. The analysis results show that the proposed optimized scheme reduces the computational complexity of the homomorphic calculation and calculation key generation process to a certain extent, so as to reduce the storage overhead and improve the efficiency of the homomorphic multiplication operation.