基于仿真与实测的列车远场气动噪声分析

随着高速列车气动噪声诱发的铁路沿线噪声污染问题变得日益明显，需对高速铁路诱发的远场噪声特性进行研究。基于Lighthill声学理论，应用LES大涡模拟和FW-H声学模型对高速列车整车的气动噪声进行数值模拟，实测高速列车以300 km/h运行时的通过噪声，将仿真与实测进行对比分析。高速列车诱发的远场气动噪声是宽频带噪声，能量主要集中在200~1500 Hz的中低频带范围内。实测与仿真的噪声声压级频谱分析具有相似的变化趋势，但声压级数值不同；由于实测噪声数据不仅包括气动噪声，还包括轮轨、集电系统噪声等，所以实测数据普遍大于仿真结果。通过对比分析验证了仿真结果的科学性，为数值模拟方法研究高速列车气动噪声问题提供了科学依据。

Analysis on Far Field Aerodynamic Noise of Train Based on Simulation and Actual Measurement

With the noise pollution caused by aerodynamic noise of high-speed train is becomeing more and more obvious,the characteristics of far field noise induced by high-speed railway are researched.Based on Lighthill acoustic theory,the large eddy simulation and FW-H acoustic model were used to simulate the aerodynamic noise of the high-speed trains.The noise of high speed train running at 300 km/h was measured.Then the simulation results were compared with the measured data.Far field aerodynamic noise induced by high-speed train is broadband noise,and the energy is mainly concentrated in the middle and low frequency band of 200 Hz to 1500 Hz.The measured data has a similar trend to simulated sound pressure level spectrum analysis,but the sound pressure level is different.Because the measured noise data includes not only aerodynamic noise,but also wheel-rail noise and noise of collector system,so it is generally larger than the simulation results.The comparative analysis shows that the simulation results are scientific,the research results can provide a scientific basis for the numerical simulation method to study the aerodynamic noise of high-speed trains.