智能教学系统中的知识树增长模型

智能教学系统（intelligent tutoring system,ITS)，作为人工智能学科的重要研究应用领域，是21世纪人类社会数字化教育的必然发展方向，迄今研究逾30年。现有一些ITS系统由于知识表示以及推理方法的领域相关特性，系统构建与系统运用、系统模块之间动态有机联系不强，进而导致学生模型弱化等问题，限制了系统在进行个别化教学过程中的智能性和推广运用。在此从系统的知识表示入手,基于SC文法的知识表示体系和知识树映射方法，提出了一个动态、实时、自适应、交互式知识树增长模型（augment knowledge-tree model,AKTM)。模型包括基于SC文法的知识点表示方法、知识树结构以及知识树映射、知识树学生模型、知识点学习循环等内容，贯穿于ITS系统4大传统模块之中，并在内容和功能上与之完全集成。通过知识点层次多维属性标注和索引，实现了知识存储、处理、调用和维护动态、一体化过程。通过知识点学习循环，实现个别化、动态、自适应智能教／学过程。同时通过模型在多媒体ITS系统中的实例化设计和运用，实现了动态教／学、领域无关、人机交互、自适应、个别化等智能特点。

AUGMENT KNOWLEDGE-TREE MODEL FOR AN INTELLIGENT TUTORING SYSTEM

As an important research and application area of artificial intelligence (AI), intelligent tutoring system (ITS) is the natural direction for human digital education in 21st century. Although it has been studied deeply for over 30 years since 1970's, in some existing intelligent tutoring systems, domain dependent property of knowledge representation and reasoning and/or lack of dynamic connection between system construction and system application and among different modules of the systems are obvious, resulting in poor function of student model, and restricting the intelligence of the system for individualized instruction. Based on knowledge representation approach with SC grammar formalism and with knowledge tree mapping approach, a dynamic, real time, interactive augment knowledge tree model (AKTM) with self adaptive ability is put forward innovatively, realizing both in content and function almost all the classical four modules of ITS seamlessly and dynamically. The model consists of SC grammar based knowledge representation, knowledge tree architecture, knowledge tree mapping, knowledge concept tutoring cycling, etc. With dynamic construction of the knowledge tree and the mapping of the knowledge concept structure and its semantics, board semantic relationship of the complicated knowledge of the ITS is realized by structural and hierarchical attributes annotation and hierarchical indexing of the knowledge concept, enabling knowledge processing, calling, storage and maintenance to be carried out dynamically and systematically in the meanwhile. For instantiation design and application of the model, an applicable multimedia ITS system is designed with intelligent properties such as dynamic tutoring and learning, man machine interaction, domain free, self adaptive, etc.