一种基于LEACH的低延迟和低功耗的WSN分簇算法

针对经典分簇LEACH协议的不足,提出了低延迟、低功耗和网络能耗均匀的改进算法。该算法主要从两个方面对LEACH进行了改进:在稳定数据传输阶段采用CSMA机制,降低了数据传输延迟;在能量均衡和能耗方面,混入小部分初始能量高的高级节点,在簇头选举阶段首先对节点进行能量感知,并综合考虑节点剩余能量和平均能量,从而延长了网络的生命周期。文中首先对LEACH协议进行简单介绍,利用平均周期法对LEACH中使用的CSMA机制进行分析,从而得到了改进算法的延迟计算方法;然后对改进算法的数据传输阶段的能耗和算法复杂度进行分析,并对改进算法的簇头选举阈值的计算进行讨论;最后对改进算法的数据传输阶段的延时和功耗进行建模分析,并利用MATLAB进行仿真对比。仿真结果显示,改进算法使得第一个节点死亡的时间延长了31%,全部节点死亡的时间延长了24.7%,并且网络能耗更加均匀,因此,该算法有效地解决了LEACH中的热区问题,改进了实际WSN应用中节点集中死亡带来的区域信息缺失问题。相比于LEACH,改进算法的数据传输延迟平均降低了78.6%,保证了WSN应用中数据的实时性,因此改进算法在延迟、生命周期、网络能耗均匀性以及吞吐量等性能上都得到了优化提升。

Low-delay and Low-power WSN Clustering Algorithm Based on LEACH

Aiming at the shortcomings of the classical clustering LEACH protocol,an improved algorithm with low latency,low power consumption and network energy balance was proposed.The algorithm improves the LEACH in two aspects.Firstly,the CSMA mechanism is adopted in the stable data transmission phase to reduce the data transmission delay.Secondly,in terms of ene-rgy balance and energy consumption,the strategy is mixed into a small number of advanced nodes with high initial energy,and in the election of the cluster,the remaining energy and average energy of the node are considered comprehensively,which prolongs the network lifetime.In this paper,the LEACH protocol is introduced briefly.The average periodic method is used to analyze the CSMA mechanism in LEACH,and the delay calculation method of the improved algorithm is obtained.Then the energy consumption of the data transmission stage and algorithm complexity of the improved algorithm are analyzed.The calculation of cluster head election threshold of the improved algorithm is discussed.Finally the delay and power consumption of the data transmission stage of the improved algorithm are analyzed,and MATLAB is used to simulate and compare.The simulation results show that the improved algorithm’s first node dead time is prolonged by 31%,the dead time of all nodes is prolonged by 24.7%,and the network energy consumption is more uniform,which can effectively solve the hot zone problem in LEACH and the problem of missing regional information caused by node-based death in actual WSN applications.Compared with LEACH data transmission delay,the improved algorithm is reduced by 78.6%on average,ensuring the real-time performance of data in WSN applications.It proves that the performance of the improved algorithm is improved in terms of delay,lifetime,energy consumption uniformity and throughput.