生物医学光声成像技术及其临床应用进展

样品被短脉冲激光照射后会受激产生超声波，这种现象被称为光声效应。随着激光器技术及超声探测技术的进 步，基于此效应的光声成像技术已成为生物医学成像领域发展最快的技术之一。光声成像作为一种混合型的成像方式， 结合了光学成像的高对比度和光谱识别特性，以及超声成像大穿透深度下仍具备较高分辨率的特点。光声成像技术不仅 可对包括血红蛋白、脂肪在内的多种组织成分进行高特异性成像，还能灵敏的反映包括血氧含量、氧代谢率等生理特征 的变化，与超声技术的形态和结构成像具有很强的互补性，已在临床及生物医学研究领域体现出巨大的应用潜力。光声 成像技术的这些特性使其在恶性肿瘤、心血管疾病、微循环异常等疾病的成像诊断和治疗引导中具有重要的应用前景。 文章小结了本课题组在光声成像技术领域最近取得的一些新进展，包括利用解卷积技术进一步提高光声显微成像分辨 率；利用压缩感知技术降低数据采集量，提高光声层析成像的速度；利用自制的纳米探针，实现光声分子成像和光热治 疗。光声成像技术的这些进步使其在癌症、心脑血管疾病等方面的诊断和治疗更具有可行性，文章最后回顾了光声成像 技术在乳腺癌、前哨淋巴结及血管内成像等方面的临床应用和研究进展。

Biomedical Photoacoustic Tomography Technology and Its Clinical Applications

Photoacoustic tomography (PAT), emerging approximately one decade ago, is a novel biomedical imaging modality based on the use of laser-generated ultrasound. PAT combines the high contrast and spectroscopic specificity of optical imaging with the high spatial resolution and large penetration depth (7-10 cm) of ultrasonography. With the capability to image important physiological parameters such as the total hemoglobin concentration, oxygen saturation, and even the metabolic rate of oxygen, it is highly complementary to conventional ultrasonography, and has opened up many new opportunities for novel clinical applications. Up to now, PAT has demonstrated a wide array of applications in both the clinic and basic biomedical research, in particular, for the diagnosis and therapy guidance of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and abnormalities related to the microcirculation. In this article, we summarize the progress on some new PAT techniques developed by us during the past few years, including blind deconvolution, compressed sensing, and novel molecular imaging techniques. In addition, we briefly review the state of the art of the technology development of PAT, with particular emphases on its applications in breast cancer diagnosis, noninvasive sentinel lymph node mapping, and intravascular imaging.