DNA计算机:原理、进展及难点(Ⅱ)计算机"数据库"的形成--DNA分子的合成问题

基于生化反应机理的DNA计算机模型引起了科学领域内许多不同学科学者们的关注与兴趣．DNA计算已经成为国际科学研究前沿领域内的一个新热点．DNA计算机的研制需要诸如生物工程、计算机科学、数学、物理、化学、信息科学、微电子技术、激光技术以及控制科学等许多学科的共同协作攻关．作者以系列文章的形式拟对DNA计算机的基本原理、研究进展、DNA计算的模型以及当前研究中的难点给予研讨．该文属第二篇，重点讨论DNA计算机研制中DNA分子的合成问题．DNA分子的合成问题不仅是DNA计算中生物操作过程首先要处理的问题，而且是DNA计算机研制中必须要解决的问题，因为最终实用化的DNA计算机应是一种全自动化的．如何将DNA分子的合成过程与编码、其它生化操作自动地衔接起来是全自动化DNA计算机当前研究的关键难题．若要解决这个问题，人们必须很熟悉有关DNA分子合成的基本原理以及合成技术．这也是该文的动机．

DNA Computer Principle, Advances and Difficulties (Ⅱ):Setting up the Database of DNA Computer by the Synthesis of DNA Molecules

Biomolecular computing is computation at the molecular scale, using biotechnology engineering techniques. Recently, many scientists in different fields are interest in DNA computer model based on reaction of biochemistry because DNA computer has formed a new science field. The studying and making DNA computer needs many science subjects such as biological engineering, computer science, mathematics, physics, chemistry, information science, microelectronics, laser technology, and control science, etc. Based on this, the advances of DNA computer are considered in detail in this four-part paper such as fundamental principle, several models of DNA computing, and difficulties. This paper is the second. In this paper, the authors discuss the synthesizing methods of DNA molecules in DNA computing. The problem of synthesizing DNA molecule not only is the first problem needed to be processed in biological operations of DNA computing, but also must be solved problem in making DNA computer because the final DNA computer should be automatic. Recently, The key problem studied in DNA computer is how we make automatic DNA computer based on encoding, synthesizing DNA molecules, biological operations. For this, we must be familiar with the basic principle and technology in synthesizing DNA molecules, this is the motive of the paper.