Towards proximity-based passenger sensing on public transport buses |
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Authors: | Vassilis Kostakos Tiago Camacho Claudio Mantero |
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Affiliation: | 1. University of Oulu, 90014, Oulu, Finland 2. Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove QLD, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia 3. Horários do Funchal, Transportes Públicos S.A, 9020-242, Funchal, Portugal
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Abstract: | While substantial research on intelligent transportation systems has focused on the development of novel wireless communication technologies and protocols, relatively little work has sought to fully exploit proximity-based wireless technologies that passengers actually carry with them today. This paper presents the real-world deployment of a system that exploits public transit bus passengers’ Bluetooth-capable devices to capture and reconstruct micro- and macro-passenger behavior. We present supporting evidence that approximately 12 % of passengers already carry Bluetooth-enabled devices and that the data collected on these passengers captures with almost 80 % accuracy the daily fluctuation of actual passengers flows. The paper makes three contributions in terms of understanding passenger behavior: We verify that the length of passenger trips is exponentially bounded, the frequency of passenger trips follows a power law distribution, and the microstructure of the network of passenger movements is polycentric. |
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