光声显微成像技术的研究进展

光声成像作为一种兼具高光学对比度和大超声探测深度的新兴成像方法，突破了传统光学成像技术分辨率与成像深度相互制约的壁垒，获得了空前快速的发展，其中，光声显微成像技术继承了光声成像技术的优点，采用声学或光学聚焦的成像模式，可以实现高对比度、高分辨率的生物组织结构、分子与功能成像，在神经学、眼科、血管生物学和皮肤学等研究领域具有潜在应用价值。为此，首先介绍了光声成像技术的原理和分类，然后围绕光声显微成像(Photoacoustic microscopy, PAM)技术这一主题，重点综述了新型PAM技术的发展情况、PAM焦深（Depth of focus, DoF）延拓技术以及PAM的生物医学应用。最后，总结了PAM技术发展存在的挑战，并对未来发展方向进行了展望。

Advances in Photoacoustic Microscopy Technique

Photoacoustic imaging, as a new imaging technique with high optical contrast and great ultrasonic detection depth, is a breakthrough of the barriers that the resolution and imaging depth of the traditional optical imaging technique are mutually restricted. It has obtained the unprecedented rapid development. In addition, photoacoustic microscopy inherits the advantages of the photoacoustic imaging technology, and has realized high-contrast and high-resolution biological structure, molecular and functional imaging by using acoustic or optical focusing imaging mode, and it has potential application value in neurology, ophthalmology, vascular biology and dermatology. Here, the principle and classification of photoacoustic imaging technology are firstly presented. Then, focusing on the theme of photoacoustic microscopy, we review its novel scanning methods, focal depth extension techniques and biomedical applications in depth. Finally, the challenges of the development of photoacoustic microscopy are summarized, and the future development direction is also prospected.