储能技术及其在电力系统稳定控制中的应用

基于储能原理的稳定控制装置通过向电力系统提供系统不平衡有功和无功功率的补偿可以有效地提高交流输电系统的稳定性。详细分析了这类控制装置的工作原理，并建立了其数学模型。在此基础上，进行了特征值和时域仿真分析，以探讨其工作特性。作为应用实例，较详细介绍了两种基于不同储能原理的电力系统稳定控制装置，一种是基于超导磁储能原理的电力系统稳定控制装置；另一种是基于飞轮储能原理的电力系统稳定控制装置。基于超导磁储能原理的电力系统稳定控制装置由超导磁体、电力电子变换装置和相应的控制系统组成。文中研究了该装置向小扰动情况下的大型互联电力系统低频振荡提供阻尼和在大扰动情况下增强系统暂态稳定性的能力。此外，还介绍了作者研制的基于超导磁储能电力系统稳定控制装置的样机，并在实验室环境下进行了控制装置的特性试验。对于基于飞轮储能的电力系统稳定控制装置，介绍了控制装置的基本原理和系统构成，并用数字仿真的方法对其工作特性进行了分析，得到了满意的结果。

Energy Storage and its Application in Power System Stability Enhancement

Energy Storage based stability control device has been proven very effective to improve power system stabilities by providing the unbalanced dynamic active and reactive power compensation of AC power systems. Detail of the analysis and a mathematic model of such kind of control device are given in this paper. Based on the developed model, extensive analysis including both the eigenvalue analysis and the time domain simulation is carried out to investigate the characteristic of such kind device. As examples two kinds of energy storage devices, a superconductive magnetic energy system (SMES) and a flywheel energy storage, are discussed. The SMES based stability control device is realized with superconductivity technology, power electronics and control theory. In order to promote the application of such kind of control device and to further investigate the characteristics of the controller, the capability of SMES to increase power system transient and small signal perturbation stabilities is analyzed. A prototype SMES is developed. The performance of the prototype is experimentally investigated in a laboratory environment. The flywheel energy based device call multi-functional flexible power compensation (FPC) in this paper is also introduced. Its characteristic is investigated by digital simulation. Very encouraging results are obtained.