弱中心化的配电网市场交易机制、模型与技术实现

新一轮电力体制改革的进行推动了双边开放电力市场的发展,新结构下市场成员间的互动行为更加灵活多变。为引导市场成员理性报价,鼓励各成员间开展良性竞争,首先,构建了综合成员利益和系统网损的能量优化模型。其次,提出了弱中心化的新型市场机制,该机制设计了市场交易成员、框架和流程。在市场成员中,配电网系统运营商作为超级用户参与市场的监管工作,并与普通用户共同参与市场出清。普通用户在出清过程中可权衡利弊多次修改自身报价,还原了电力市场自由竞争、分散决策的特性。然后,利用交替方向乘子算法进行市场出清,市场成员间只需传递少量信息即可通过并行计算达到市场均衡,抑制了成本信息不对称引发的恶意报价行为。最后,针对所提交易机制设计了基于区块链技术的以太坊智能合约方案,通过算例和部署在以太坊私有链上的智能合约,验证了所提市场机制的有效性。

Trading Mechanism, Model and Technical Realization of Weakly-centralized Distribution Network Market

The renewed electricity reform has promoted the development of the bilateral open electricity market, and the interaction among market members is more flexible in the new structure. To guide the rational quotation and encourage healthy competition among members, firstly, an energy optimization model which contains interests of members and power losses is established. Secondly, a new weakly-centralized market mechanism is proposed. The mechanism designs market members, the frame and the process. In the market members, distribution system operator participates in the supervision of the market as super users and joins in market clearing with ordinary users. Ordinary users may weight the pros and cons and modify their offers many times in the clearing process, which restores characteristics of the electricity market for free competition and decentralized decision-making. Then, the alternating direction method of multipliers is used to clear the market, and market members can achieve market equilibrium by parallel computation with only a small amount of information, which can restrain the malicious bidding behavior caused by asymmetric cost information. Finally, a smart contract based on block chain technology is designed for the market mechanism. Through the example and the smart contract deployed on the private chain of Ethereum, the effectiveness of the proposed market mechanism is verified.