电力零售核心业务架构与购售电决策

随着电力工业改革的不断发展和智能电网的兴起,现代电力系统正逐步演变为更加复杂的信息物理融合系统。未来电力系统中将同时融合可再生能源、分布式发电设备、储能设备、智能表计、需求响应等新技术与新机制。在电力零售市场环境下,这些新技术与新机制给零售公司带来了严峻挑战,需要发展新的决策机制与方法。随着中国新一轮电力市场化改革的逐步深化,多个区域的电力零售市场也正在逐步建立和运营。为了给国内构建完整的竞争性电力零售市场提供有益的参考,并帮助相关研究学者和技术人员更好地了解电力零售市场的研究现状,文中首先介绍了一些主要国家的电力零售市场情况,然后以澳大利亚和芬兰为例,详细说明了电力零售公司的组织结构和购售电业务流程。接着,比较系统地综述了近年来国内外电力零售决策方面的研究进展,包括零售负荷预测、零售公司购电策略、零售定价策略、零售风险管理等。最后,讨论了电力零售研究领域的一些关键问题和未来可能的发展方向。

Key Business Framework and Purchase/Sale Decision-making for Electricity Retailers

With the advent of smart grids and continuous restructuring of power industry, modern power systems have gradually evolved into complex cyber-physical systems which are characterized with high renewable energy penetrations, distributed facilities, advanced metering and communication technologies, as well as ever-increasing customer awareness. In an electricity retail market, these new development trends pose significant challenges for electricity retailers and call for innovative decision-making methods. Meanwhile, China has begun to establish competitive electricity retail markets in the new round of in-depth reforms for the power industry. In order to provide a beneficial reference for constructing complete competitive electricity retail markets in China, and also to help researchers and engineers have a better overview of the state-of-the-art on the business process and decision-making schemes of electricity retailers, this paper first introduces the development history of electricity retail markets around the world. Then, it elaborates the business process of electricity retailers in Australia and Finland, and surveys the latest progress on decision-making of electricity retailers, including retail energy forecasting, energy procurement strategies and retail pricing strategies for electricity retailers, and risk management in retail markets. Finally, some critical and open issues in this field are discussed.