N–1条件下不失去可观测性的PMU优化配置方法

针对N-1故障会导致广域测量系统(wide area measurement system，WAMS)丧失对系统的观测能力，提出一种保证N-1条件下与关键线路相连的节点不失去可观测性的最优相量测量单元(phasor measurement unit，PMU)配置方法。该方法首先结合复杂网络理论模型和N-1故障模型辨识出系统中脆弱线路，并定义与脆弱线路相连的母线不可观测的系统鲁棒性损失模型；然后利用模拟退火法求出系统正常情况下母线全部可观测所需的PMU数目。以此为基础，逐步增加PMU数目，建立起系统鲁棒性损失和经济性之间的关系，其可视化结果为规划人员提供了有力的决策和支持。以IEEE30节点系统为例对文中方法进行测试，实验结果表明该方法的有效性和实用性。

power system|complex network|optimal phasor measurement unit placement

An optimal phasor measurement unit (PMU) placement method to guarantee observability of buses that connected to key-lines was presented, which aimed at the problem of those buses would loss observability under N-1 condition in wide area measurement system (WAMS). Firstly, the complex networks theory and N-1 failure model were adopted to identify the vulnerability of transmission lines, which were tools to divide lines into key-lines and none key-lines, and then the model of robust loss for buses in non-observability which connected to key-lines was defined. Secondly we solved the minimum number of PMUs by annealing method under normal circumstances that all buses were in observability; then build the relationship between robustness and economy by increasing the PMUs number gradually. Finally the algorithm was tested on the IEEE-30 system; the results revealed the validity and practicability of the proposed method.