电力系统的地震灾害研究现状与应急响应

作为大型复杂生命线系统的重要组成部分, 电力系统一旦在强烈地震中遭受严重破坏会直接导致整个社会生活陷入瘫痪。近年来发生的历次强烈地震均对电力设施造成了较大的破坏。文章首先回顾近年来国内外电力系统由于强烈地震所引发的事故和损失, 重点介绍了电力系统在地震灾害时的破坏特征; 然后对电力设施的抗震设计方法和研究现状进行了较为系统的论述; 最后以日本东京电力公司为例, 介绍了电力系统在地震灾害时的应急响应和震后快速恢复方法。严峻的事实表明: 开展电力设施抗震研究, 提高电力系统地震灾害下的安全性, 保障电力供给, 是当前电力系统的一个刻不容缓的任务和挑战。

State-of-the-art of Seismic Disaster Research and Emergency Response of Electric Power System

As a main part of lifeline networks, electric power system is apt to suffer cascading failures during a severe earthquake, which subsequently will partially or even fully paralyze a modern city. This has been widely proved by recent earthquake disasters. Therefore, this paper firstly reviews the malfunction and damage of electric power systems under severe earthquakes home and abroad in recent years. Emphasis is put on the main failure characteristics of different power facilities under earthquake attack. Then, earthquake resistance design methods and the state-of-the-art of seismic research of electric power facilities are introduced. At last, taking TEPCO of Japan as an example, the measures of disaster prevention before earthquake, emergency responses during earthquake and rapid restoration of service after earthquake for electric power system are systematically presented. It is shown that State Grid of China should immediately take thorough earthquake resistant research on power equipment to enhance the safety and power supplement capacity of electric system in seismically active areas.