利用电动汽车可调度容量辅助电网调频研究

电动汽车既可作为可控性负荷,也可作为分布式电源,能够为电网提供可调度容量,参与调频等辅助服务。但该可调度容量受用户出行需求及电池损耗等因素的制约,不能无限制地调度。基于此,对电动汽车采取"分散接入,集中控制"的管理模式,首先基于用户出行需求及电池使用寿命等约束,对电动汽车可调度容量进行评估。进而建立了计及可调度容量的电动汽车集中管理器充放电静态频率特性模型,以单区域系统为例模拟了电动汽车参与负荷调频的作用效果。仿真结果表明,利用电动汽车可调度容量辅助电网调频,不仅可以快速有效地减小系统频率偏差,提高电能质量,还能减小传统调频机组的备用容量,进而提高电网经济性。研究电动汽车参与调频的作用效果时,用户需求及电池损耗是不容忽视的影响。

Research on grid frequency regulation using schedulable capacity of electric vehicles

Electric vehicles (EVs) are not only controllable load, but also can serve as distributed energy storage unit. Therefore, ancillary services for the grid such as frequency regulation can potentially be provided by EVs with schedulable capacity. However, the schedulable capacity is limited by factors such as the constraints of user demand and the battery life. On the basis, a centralized control mode is applied to distributed EVs, and a model with charging and discharging static frequency characteristics of aggregators is developed considering EVs schedulable capacity. Then the load frequency control models including EVs for single area power system is developed for simulating load frequency control. The simulation results show that using EVs schedulable capacity for frequency regulation can not only reduce the system frequency deviation effectively, but also can decrease the reserve capacity of traditional frequency regulation unit, improving the electricity quality and economics of power system. Meanwhile, the result shows that user demand and battery life can not be neglected in EV participating in frequency regulation research.