火电行业大气污染物排放对PM2.5 的贡献及减排对策

“十一五”期间,中国电力装机容量从2005年年底的50 841万kW增长至2010年年底的96 219万kW,其中火电装机从38 413万kW增长至70 663万kW。电煤消费量从2005年的10.63亿t 增长至2010年的15.11亿t。2010年,我国火电行业烟尘排放量为218.4万t,SO₂排放量为984.4万t,NO_x排放量为954.2万t。研究表明：2010年我国PM₁₀排放总量3 797.3万t,PM_2.5排放总量为2 278.4万t。2010年火电行业排放的一次细颗粒物PM_2.5为100.8万t,火电行业排放的SO₂转化为二次细颗粒物PM_2.5为350万t,排放的NO_x转化为二次细颗粒物PM_2.5为265.5万t,排放的SO₃转化为二次细颗粒物PM_2.5为107.3万t,合计占PM_2.5排放总量的36.1%。为减少火电行业PM_2.5排放,建议加强环保设施的运行监管,同时出台经济政策引导企业主动减排,湿法脱硫后加装湿式电除尘器以有效减少PM_2.5的排放。

Contribution to PM2.5 of Atmospheric Pollutant Emission from Thermal Power Sector and Emission Reduction Countermeasures

During the 11^th five-year period, the total installed generation capacity in China increased to 962.19 GW of 2010 from 508.41 GW of 2005, of which thermal power increased from 384.13 GW to 706.63 GW. The coal consumption for electricity increased to 1.511 billion tons of 2010 from 1.063 billion tons of 2005. Dust emission amount from thermal power sector in China was 2.184 million tons in 2010, SO₂ emission was 9.844 million tons, and NO_x emission was 9.542 million tons. Research shows that PM₁₀ total emission amount in China was 37.973 million tons, and PM_2.5 total emission amount was 22.784 million tons in 2010. PM_2.5 emission of primary fine particulate from thermal power sector in 2010 was 1.008 million tons, PM_2.5 emission of transformation from SO₂ was 3.50 million tons, PM_2.5 emission of transformation from NO_x was 2.655 million tons and PM_2.5 emission of transformation from SO₃ was 1.073 million tons. All of PM_2.5 emission from thermal power sector accounted for about 36.1%. In order to reduce PM_2.5 emission, some measures are proposed including strengthening operational management of environmental equipments, formulating new economic policies to guide enterprises to reduce emission voluntarily, and installing wet ESP after wet FGD.