中国煤电生命周期二氧化碳和大气污染物排放相互影响建模分析

煤电在中国电力供应结构中占据主导地位，其环境影响是研究热点之一。建立中国煤电生命周期二氧化碳和大气污染物排放分析模型，基于文献调研构建参数数据库，测算中国煤电的单位发电量排放。结果表明，近年来中国煤电生命周期单位发电量的CO₂、SO₂、NO_x和PM_2.5排放分别为838.6 g/（kW·h）、0.34 g/（kW·h）、0.32 g/（kW·h）和0.08 g/（kW·h）。其中煤电单位发电量大气污染物排放，比实施超低排放改造前，下降幅度超过90%。研究发现，增大单机机组规模和进行超低排放改造能够有效降低煤电发电过程的大气污染物排放，采用煤电燃烧后碳捕集和存储(carbon capture and storage, CCS)处理技术能够使煤电CO₂排放下降到144 g/（kW·h），助力碳中和目标实现。如果不采用更加严格的大气污染物排放标准和处理方式，CCS技术可能会使煤电大气污染物排放强度上升30%~40%，这与碳捕集过程使用的技术有关。

Life Cycle Modeling Analysis of the Interaction Between Carbon Dioxide and Air Pollutant Emissions of Coal Power in China

Coal power occupies a dominant position in China's power supply structure, and its environmental impact has been the hotspot for research. This study established a life cycle analysis model for CO₂ and air pollutant emissions of coal power in China, built a database of coal-power’s parameters based on literature review and calculated the emissions per kW·h. The results show that the average life cycle CO₂ emissions per kW·h from China’s coal power is 838.6 g/(kW·h) in recent years, and the SO₂, NO_x, and PM_2.5 emissions are 0.34 g/(kW·h), 0.32 g/(kW·h), and 0.08 g/(kW·h), respectively. The air pollutant emissions per kW·h have fallen by more than 90%, mainly due to the ultra-low emission transformations of coal power in China. Research also indicates that the air pollutant emissions from the coal power can be effectively reduced by increasing the single-unit capacity and carrying out ultra-low emission retrofits, and the CO₂ emissions can be reduced to 144 g/(kW·h) by use of the carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology for coal-fired power, which can help achieve the carbon neutralization goal in China. If stricter air pollutant emission standards and treatment methods are not adopted, the CCS technology may increase the air pollutant emissions per kW·h from coal fired power by about 30% to 40%, which is related to the technology used in the carbon capture process.