基于系统成本的新能源等效上网电价计算方法及应用

新能源发电并网利用必须依靠火电、抽蓄等调节性、支撑性电源以及电网的支持，必然增加常规电源、电网等主体的投资运行成本，即新能源的系统成本。针对目前常用的新能源经济性评价指标并没有考虑系统成本，不利于有效疏导各主体付出的成本和提升各主体促进新能源消纳的内在积极性的问题，提出了新能源等效上网电价概念以及基于对比差额法的系统成本计算方法，对典型省份开展了测算分析，提出了基于等效上网电价的系统成本疏导思路。结果显示：“十四五”期间典型省份新能源等效上网电价仍高于燃煤发电基准价，难以实现平价利用。以等效上网电价为基础建立系统成本疏导机制，可激发各主体服务新能源消纳的内在动力，有助于推进新能源高质量发展。

Methodology for Calculating VRE Equivalent Feed-In Tariff Based on System Cost and Its Application

Consuming VRE(variable renewable energy)must rely on regulatory and supporting power sources such as thermal power unit and pumped storage as well as the support of power grids.As a result,the investment and operation cost of conventional power units and power grids(i.e,the system cost of VRE)are increased.However,the system cost has not been considered in the existing domestic economic evaluation indicators of VRE,which is not conducive to the effective allocation of the system costs and enhancing the internal enthusiasm of each entity to promote the consumption of VRE.This paper puts forward the conception of VRE equivalent feed-in tariff and the calculation methodology of system cost.An idea for allocating the system cost is proposed based on the equivalent feed-in tariff.The calculation results of typical provinces show that the VRE equivalent feed-in tariff is still higher than the benchmark price of coal-fired plant during 2020-2025,which is hard for utilization of renewable energy in state-set price.The proposed system cost allocating mechanism can stimulate the inner motivation of each entity to promote the consumption of VRE and help realize the high-quality development of renewable energy.