南水北调及其西线工程

南水北调工程分别由长江上、中、下游引水,形成东线、中线和西线3条输水线路,输送到中国的西北部和北部,总引水量为448亿m3.扼要介绍了南水北调的必要性和总体布局,重点分析了西线工程的自然环境和地质条件,对西线工程的输水隧洞推荐使用全断面双护盾TBM进行施工,对可能出现的高寒缺氧、活断层、高挤压应力、岩爆、高地温、高压涌水等主要问题的对策进行了讨论.最后提出了若干建议.

The South to North Water Diversion Project and Its West Line

The south to north water diversion project in China consists of three main parts:western line,middle line and eastern line,which will divert water from the upper,middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River to northwestern and northern China respectively.The total volume of water transferred is about 448×108 m3.After describing briefly the necessity and the layout of the project,based on the analysis of local environment,geological conditions and so on,double shield TBMs are recommended to be used for rapid excavation of the most part of the tunnels.In addition,several key countermeasures concerning ventilation,high geostresses,active faults,squeezing rocks,rock burst,high pressure water inflow,et al,are discussed.Finally,some suggestions are put forward.