城市垃圾填埋场垃圾渗滤液处理技术及应用对策

对城市垃圾填埋场垃圾渗滤液处理技术进行了综述,归纳为生物处理法、物化处理法、土地处理法和减量处理法四大类;其中生物处理法有传统活性污泥法、稳定塘法、生物转盘法、厌氧固定膜生物反应器法等,物化处理法有絮凝沉淀、化学氧化、湿式氧化、气提、蒸发、中和沉淀、活性炭吸附、膜分离、光催化氧化和电化学法等,减量处理法包括减少进入填埋场的各种水分的方法、蒸发法、蒸馏法、回灌法等;提出了垃圾渗滤液处理过程中存在的问题,如渗滤液产生量过大,渗滤液中氨氮浓度过高,可生化性差,对水体及周边地区环境污染严重等。提出了垃圾渗滤液处理技术的应用对策,如:当垃圾渗滤液可生化性较好时用生物处理法,当垃圾渗滤液可生化性较差时用物化处理法,对渗滤液的水质、水量都要进行有效的控制,加大资金投入等,这些对我国城市垃圾渗滤液的有效处理有一定的参考价值。

Treatment technology and countermeasures of municipal garbage landfill leachate

Municipal garbage landfill leachate treatment technologies were introduced in this paper,which were classified as four categories: biological treatment,physical-chemical methods,land treatment and leachate reduction.Biological treatment methods include traditional activated sludge process,stabilization pond process,rotating bio-disc,anaerobic immobilized membrane bioreactor and etc.Physical-chemical methods include flocculation precipitation,chemical oxidation,wet oxidation,air stripping,evaporation,neutralization precipitation,activated carbon adsorption,membrane separation,photocatalytic oxidation,electrochemistry and etc.Leachate reduction includes decreasing water into the landfill,evaporation,distillation,recirculation etc.Problems in the leachate treatment process,such as too much quantity of leachate,the high concentration of NH_3-N in leachate,difficult to treatment with biological methods,the serious pollution on near environment.Countermeasures on leachate treatment technology are proposed as follows.When leachate is easy to degrade biochemically,biological treatment should be used.Otherwise,physical-chemical methods should be used. Effective control of the leachate quality and quantity,as well as increasing financial input etc are also necessary.All these have reference value to the effective treatment of municipal garbage leachate in our country.