欧美公共住房制度比较研究及对我国的启示

采取历史研究和比较研究的方法,对欧美国家为保障中低收入群体住房权利实行多年的公共住房制度的异同进行了比较:战后欧美均不约而同实行相当程度的公共住房制度,不同之处是欧洲国家对住房市场的干预较为直接、全面和深入,而美国则采用税收、信贷的形式间接影响房地产市场,实践证明均行之有效。对我国现阶段住区规划与政策的启示是:住房是关系民生的大事,政府不应完全放任市场调节;我国应建立具自己的公共住房制度,改变目前过于依赖市场解决住房供应现状;土地供应模式和开发商为主体的住房生产模式必须改变;采取包括政府直接投资、鼓励社会参与和规划调控等多种方式保障中低收入群体的住房权利。

A Comparative Study of European and American PublicHousing Policies and Its Findings

I studied the similarities and differences of public housing policy between European countries and the United States using historic and comparative methods.Public housing policy was put in place in postwar European countries and the U.S.Differences in the policies of these countries were that the European policy intervened in the housing market directly and thoroughly but the American policy intervened in the housing market indirectly by financial and revenue means.The key finding is that housing in P.R.China is an important part of the people's livelihood and the government should not completely pass responsibility for providing it to the market.China should set up its own public housing policy and change the mode of land supply and housing manufacturing.China also should adopt multiplicative means,including direct government investment and encouraging the social anticipation and planning adjustment to guarantee the housing rights of middle-and-low-income households.