水合物法分离混合物技术研究进展

综述了水合物生成法在溶液浓缩和混合气分离两大领域的研究进展。分析表明，水合物法在海水淡化、生物工程、油样分离等溶液分离过程均表现出了一定的应用价值，但仍存在浓缩液夹带、分离效率较低或分离压力高等问题而未能实现工业化应用。针对混合气的分离，与单独水合分离过程相比，包含有水合物生成的吸收-水合和吸附-水合双机制耦合分离技术表现出了气体处理量大、分离效率高、或可实现连续气体分离等优势。但与它们相关的一些基础性问题如水合物浆液的实际流动特性、水合物晶粒与多孔介质之间的作用关系等，需要进一步的研究或确认。在此基础上，对这些分离过程的继续研究给出了参考意见：溶液浓缩分离过程可着眼于开发更有效的水合物生成促进剂或耦合其他分离技术等；混合气分离方面可以在寻找更有效的水合物生成促进剂、明确采用乳液体系分离所得水合物浆液的实际流动特性、揭示采用含水多孔介质分离所得不同相之间的作用机制等方面展开。

Research progress of separation technology based on hydrate formation

This review summarizes the research progress of separation technologies based on hydrate formation for both solution concentration and gas separation areas. It is found that, although single hydrate separation method shows to be relevant for seawater desalination, bioengineering, oil-gas separation, etc., it still has some drawbacks such as concentrate liquid entrainment phenomenon, low separation efficiency, and/or high operation pressure among others which need to be solved to realize industrialization. For the separation of gas mixtures, the absorption-hydration and adsorption-hydrate hybrid separation technologies show some advantages compared to the single hydrate separation process. These two technologies have higher gas treatment capacity, higher separation efficiency, and/or could perform a continuous gas separation process, among others. However, some fundamental issues such as the flow characteristics of hydrate/oil slurry, or the interaction relationship between hydrate crystals and adsorbents, are still need to be measured or addressed for these two hybrid gas separation technologies. Furthermore, suggestions for further research of these separations are proposed. For solution concentration, methods like developing more efficient hydrate formation promoters, or coupling with some other separation technologies can be considered. And for gas mixtures separation, some directions such as founding more efficient hydrate formation promoters, obtaining the actual flow characteristics of hydrate/oil slurry when using water/oil separation media, determining the interaction mechanism between hydrate phase and adsorbents when using water containing porous materials, etc., are proposed.