非木材植物纤维改性研究进展

综述了非木材植物纤维化学改性技术的发展和现状。非木材植物包括麻类植物、禾草类植物和农林废弃物等,主要成分为纤维素、半纤维素、木质素。由于结构的特殊性,其用途受到了很大的限制,但经过改性后,这些丰富的可再生资源可用作化工原料。植物纤维改性前,通常需进行预处理,常用的方法有化学预处理、物理预处理和生物预处理3种。植物纤维改性途径主要有酯化和醚化,改性介质一般为水或有机溶剂。近年来,以离子液体为溶剂的改性方法成为了研究热点。改性非木材植物纤维用途广泛,可用于制造生物降解塑料、吸附剂、离子交换剂、分离膜等。

Research progress in modification of non-wood plant fibers

The progress in chemical modification of fibers was reviewed.Non-wood plants include bast fiber plants,grasses and agricultural wastes,etc.The principal components of these kinds of plants were cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin.Due to their special structure,the utilization of natural non-wood plant fibers is very limited.After modification,these abundant renewable resources can be used as raw materials for chemical industries.Before the chemical modification of plant fibers,pretreatments are usually needed.Chemical methods,physical methods or biological methods are the three main types of pretreatments.The main ways for chemical modification of plant fibers are esterification and etherification.Water and organic solvents are commonly used as media for chemical modification.Recently,great attention is paid to modification with ionic liquids as reaction media.Chemically modified non-wood plant fibers have many uses,such as producing biological degradation plastics,adsorbents,ion exchangers,membranes for separation,etc.