膨胀型阻燃剂阻燃环氧树脂的阻燃性能及影响因素

研究了季戊四醇磷酸酯三聚氰胺盐微胶囊化的多聚磷酸铵（KDIFR）、三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂微胶囊化的多聚磷酸铵（MAPP）和多聚磷酸铵（APP） 3种膨胀型阻燃剂，及引入硼、铝元素对膨胀型阻燃环氧树脂(EP)阻燃性能的影响，采用极限氧指数法和水平燃烧法测试材料的燃烧性能。结果表明，3种阻燃剂中APP的阻燃效果最好，当APP/EP为0.3（质量比，下同）时，其极限氧指数为32.2 %，达到难燃级水平；在EP/APP中引入铝元素或硼元素可使阻燃效果提高，硼、铝共存时阻燃效果更加突出，加入APP总量0.8 %的硼酸铝可使EP/APP的自熄时间由48 s降为24 s；热分析结果表明，APP热分解吸热恰与EP的热降解产物燃烧放热相匹配，这是使EP/APP的阻燃性能提高的主要原因；在EP/APP中引入硼和铝元素可明显促进EP/APP成炭，起到协同阻燃作用。

Flame Retardancy and Influencing Factors of Epoxy Resin Flame Retarded by Intumescent Flame Retardant

Three intumescent flame retardant, KDIFR, MAPP, and APP were introduced separately into epoxy resin (EP) and their effects were compared. Limiting oxygen index and horizontal burning test showed that APP had the best flame retardancy behavior among the three. When the mass ratio of APP/EP was 0.3, the limiting oxygen index reached 32.2 %. The flame retardancy property of EP/APP could be further improved by introducing either aluminum or boron, or better the both. When the content of aluminum borate was 0.8 wt % of APP, the self-extinguishing time of EP/APP decreased to 24 s from 48 s. Thermal analysis indicated that heat absorbed during the thermal decomposition of APP nearly equal to that released during the thermal degradation of EP, which was the main reason for APP's good behavior. The char yield of EP/APP was promoted obviously when introducing aluminum and boron in the EP/APP composite.