Dual layer composite nanofiltration hollow fiber membranes for low-pressure water softening |
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| Authors: | Laurentia Setiawan Lei Shi Rong Wang |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore, Singapore;2. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore, Singapore |
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| Abstract: | Nanofiltration (NF) membrane process has become increasingly attractive due to their unique characteristics to selectively remove specific compounds or ions. The most commonly NF membranes are negatively charged which is unsuitable for hardness removal. Therefore, the development of novel NF membranes with a positively charged skin has become a key issue for low pressure water softening. |
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| Keywords: | Nanofiltration Water softening Dual layer hollow fiber membrane |
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