淀粉/聚乙烯醇/蒙脱土复合材料的制备及性能研究

采用熔融挤出法制备了淀粉/聚乙烯醇/蒙脱土三元复合材料。通过对力学测试、DSC、SEM、维卡软化点的分析,研究了PVA和酸酐的含量对材料的力学性能、热性能、吸水率的影响,并讨论了蒙脱土的加入对体系性能的影响。研究发现,适量的顺丁烯二酸酐能够降低淀粉分子链间的氢键作用,并促使其晶区的破坏,从而改善淀粉的加工性能、力学性能以及耐水性,当加入2.5%顺丁烯二酸酐时,材料的拉伸强度提高了60.54%;随着PVA含量的增加,体系力学性能增强,吸水率降低。蒙脱土的加入改善了其加工性能,并有效地提高了材料的力学性能、耐水性以及热稳定性。SEM显示,复合材料各组分之间的相容性较好,淀粉得到良好的塑化。

Preparation and Properties of Starch/PVA/Montmorillonite Composite

The composites of starch/PVA/montmorillonite were produced by twin-screw extruder.The changes of mechanical,thermal properties and water absorption of composites were studied by mechanical test,DSC and SEM.The influence of montmorillonite on composite was also discussed.The results showed that proper amounts of maleic anhydride improved the processing property,mechanical property and water resistance of the composite because the effect of hydrogen bond among starch molecular chains was reduced.The tensile strength of composite was improved by 60.54% with 2.5% maleic anhydride.With the increase of PVA,the tensile strength and water-resistance increased.Montmorillonite improved the processing property,mechanical property,water-resistance and thermal property of the composite.The SEM photos showed that starch was well plasticized and the compatibility among composites was favorable.