压力驱动及电驱动膜法水软化技术研究现状与展望

水的软化处理是将硬水中的Ca、Mg等可溶性盐除去的过程，是脱盐及盐资源化工序的工程化运行和饮用水安全保障过程中至关重要的一环。本文介绍了以分盐型纳滤为代表的压力驱动膜过程和以选择性电渗析为代表的电驱动膜过程在水软化中的基本原理，综述了相关工艺应用于水软化过程的技术研究进展，详细分析了多种膜法水软化系统的技术特点和优劣势，对分盐型纳滤与选择性电渗析进行了对比，并对未来膜法水软化技术的可能研究方向进行了展望。

Research status and prospect of water softening technology based on pressure-driven and electro-driven membrane processes

Softening treatment of water is a process to remove calcium, magnesium and other soluble salts in hard water. It is a crucial link in the engineering operation of desalination and salt resource utilization process as well as in the process of drinking water safety guarantee. In this paper, the basic principles of the pressure-driven membrane process represented by salt separation nanofiltration and the electric-driven membrane process represented by selective electrodialysis in water softening were introduced. The research progress of related technologies in water softening process was reviewed. The technical characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of various membrane water softening systems were analyzed in detail. The comparison between salt separation nanofiltration and selective electrodialysis was made, and the possible research directions of membrane water softening technology in the future were prospected.