电化学免疫传感器在肿瘤标志物检测中的应用

肿瘤是严重威胁人类健康的疾病之一，降低恶性肿瘤死亡率的主要途径是早期诊断和治疗，肿瘤标志物在肿瘤早期诊断中具有重要的临床应用价值。随着纳米技术的迅猛发展，基于纳米材料构建的电化学传感器可实现对肿瘤标志物的检测，且具有检测灵敏度高、选择性好等优点。本文重点综述了碳纳米材料、贵金属纳米材料、氧化物纳米材料、量子点纳米材料等新型纳米材料电化学免疫传感器的构建原理及其在甲胎蛋白、前列腺抗原、癌胚抗原等肿瘤标志物检测中的应用，分析总结了基于不同纳米材料构建的电化学传感器在各种肿瘤标志物检测中的优缺点，并展望了电化学传感器的发展趋势，提出未来电化学免疫传感器应以微型化、高通量化和商业化为研究重点，并实现对肿瘤标志物的快速、在线、实时检测。

Electrochemical immunosensors for the detection of tumor markers

Tumor is one of the severe threats to human health. The death rate of malignant can mainly reduced through early diagnosis and treatment. Therefore tumor markers are of significant clinic value in the early diagnosis. With the rapid development of nanotechnology,electrochemical sensor based on nanomatericals can make the detection of tumor markers with high sensitivity and selectivity. The protocol focused on the construction principle of electrochemical immunosensors using new nanomaterials such as carbon nanomaterials,noble metal nanoparticles,oxide nanomaterials,and quantum dot nanomaterials. It also focused on the applications of those immunosensors in the detection of alpha-fetoprotein,prostate antigen,carcinoembryonic antigen,and other tumor markers. The advantages and disadvantages of electrochemistrical sensors constructed on different nanomaterials in the detection of various tumor markers are analyzed and summarized. It is concluded that future development of the electrochemical immunosensors should be focus on miniaturization,high capacity,and commercialization of fast repoense,on-line,and real-time detection of tumor markers.