硫酸盐还原菌法固定酸性矿山废水中重金属的研究进展

硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）法是一种极具潜力的酸性矿山废水（AMD）处理技术，如何将多种重金属分级沉淀并且分相分离出来，是SRB工艺走上工程应用的关键。本文综述了SRB法固定AMD中重金属的国内外研究进展，主要包括SRB法去除AMD中重金属的原理、SRB法分级沉淀AMD中多种重金属的工艺（分离式多级pH控制工艺及厌氧折流板反应器工艺）和SRB法厌氧污泥中金属硫化物的生物矿化（SRB介导的生物矿化成矿、生物矿化成矿影响因素及生物矿化过程微观机理），分析了此方面研究工作存在的问题。最后文章针对SRB法的深入研究及应用进行展望，认为硫酸盐还原体系中硫化物成矿的调控、成矿物相演变与微生物群落演替过程的解析以及矿化固定AMD中重金属成矿机理的探索将是今后重点关注的研究内容。

Research advances in the fixation of heavy metals in acid mine wastewater by sulfate reducing bacteria

Sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) method is a potential acid mine drainage (AMD) treatment technology. How to precipitate and separate a variety of heavy metals is the key to engineering application of SRB process. This paper reviews the domestic and foreign research progress of SRB fixation of heavy metals in AMD. It includes the principle of SRB method for removing heavy metals from AMD, the process of SRB method for fractional precipitation of a variety of heavy metals from AMD (separate multistage pH control process and anaerobic baffled reactor process), and the biological mineralization of metal sulfide in anaerobic sludge by SRB process (SRB mediated biological mineralization, influence factors of biological mineralization and the microscopic mechanism of biomineralization process), and the existing problems in this field are analyzed. Finally, the paper prospects the further research and application of SRB method, and it is believed that the regulation of sulfide mineralization in sulfate reduction system, the analysis of mineral-forming phases evolution and microbial community succession process, and the exploration of heavy metal mineralization mechanism in mineralization fixed AMD will be the focus of future research.