表面离子印迹聚合物金属离子吸附材料研究进展

离子印迹聚合物吸附材料对模板离子具有强识别能力，对其可实现高选择吸附，因而离子印迹技术常用于制备高选择性吸附材料。但传统方法制备的离子印迹吸附材料，因识别位点容易被包埋导致其吸附容量小、吸附-脱附速率低，而表面离子印迹技术则是采用模板离子和聚合单体直接在载体表面或附近区域构筑选择性识别位点，所有活性位点均暴露，从而有效地解决了上述问题。本文从技术原理与合成原料、制备工艺方法以及载体材料类型等方面对表面印迹聚合物吸附材料近期研究进展情况进行了概述。针对相关研究现状，从载体材料、功能单体、目标离子等角度分析和讨论了表面离子印迹聚合物吸附材料当前发展中的不足及其所面临的挑战，并对表面离子印迹技术发展趋势和前景进行了展望。

Research progress on adsorbents of surface ion-imprinted polymer for heavy metal ions

Ion-imprinted polymer adsorbents display highly selective adsorption for template ions due to their strong recognition ability. However, the adsorption capacity and adsorption-desorption rate of ion-imprinted adsorbents prepared by traditional preparation methods are seriously restrained because the recognition sites of the materials are easy to deeply embed. Fortunately, the abovementioned problems can be effectively resolved by surface ion imprinting technology because all the fabricated adsorption active sites located on the surface are fully exposed to metal ions in solutions. The recent research progress of surface ion-imprinted polymer materials is summarized from three aspects of technical principles and raw materials, preparation technology and supporter in this paper. Aiming at the current status of relevant researches, the shortcomings and challenges in the development of surface ion-imprinted polymer adsorption materials are analyzed and discussed from the perspectives of carrier materials, functional monomers and target ions, and the development prospects and trends are prospected.