壳聚糖基壁材在精油/鱼油微胶囊化方面的应用进展

微胶囊化可以提高精油/鱼油的抗氧化性、储存稳定性和生物活性以及改善其气味。具有良好生物相容性、成膜性和渗透性的壳聚糖及其衍生物成为制备微胶囊的理想壁材。本文以壳聚糖基壁材为主线，结合不同成囊机理和方法对精油/鱼油微胶囊制备研究进展进行综述。重点介绍了不同种类壳聚糖壁材（普通壳聚糖、壳聚糖复合物及壳聚糖衍生物）和成囊方法（如喷雾干燥法、单凝聚法、复凝聚法、交联法以及层层自组装法等）的优缺点。分析表明，改进成囊方法控制粒径和提高油包埋率；探寻无毒、高效的囊膜交联剂控制释放效率；合成新型的壳聚糖衍生物壁材提高功能性质，是壳聚糖基壁材包囊精油/鱼油的重要研究方向。

Application progress of chitosan-based wall materials on microencapsulation of essential/fish oil

Microencapsulation of essential/fish oil can improve its inoxidizability, stability, bioactivity and awful smell. Chitosan and its derivatives are good wall materials due to their biocompatibility, film forming ability and permeability on microencapsulation of essential/fish oil. Microencapsulation technology of essential/fish oil is reviewed in this paper, according to the main line of chitosan-based wall materials and combining different microencapsulation mechanisms. The advantages and disadvantages of different kinds of chitosan wall materials (plain chitosan, chitosan complex and chitosan derivatives) and microencapsulation methods (spray-drying, single coacervation, emulsion cross-linking and layer by layer self-assembly) are discussed. In the future, they are considered as an important research area, for example improving microencapsulation methods in order to control particle size and increase oil embedding rate and developing nontoxic and efficient membrane crosslinkers in order to control the release efficiency of essential/fish oil. In addition, it is also important to prepare new wall materials of chitosan derivatives for increasing the functional properties of essential/fish oil microcapsules.