静电纺丝技术在氨硼烷水解脱氢催化剂制备中的应用

氨硼烷由于其氢质量分数高达19.6%，在环境条件下稳定性高，无毒，在普通溶剂中溶解度高，因此被视为是一种极具潜力的固体储氢材料。但是传统纳米金属催化剂颗粒容易出现团聚、损失、二次污染、难回收的问题。高压静电纺丝技术将微纳米纤维作为纳米金属颗粒的载体，制备出的催化剂可以有效弥补传统纳米金属催化剂的缺点。本文从静电纺丝技术、纳米纤维的分类、催化剂的分类3个角度重点介绍了静电纺丝法制备应用于氨硼烷水解的纳米催化剂。在纳米纤维的分类中详细介绍了应用电纺技术制备不同种类纤维的制作步骤和关键技术点；在催化剂的分类中全面详细介绍了贵金属以及非贵金属催化剂的制备工艺，对比两种催化剂制备的优缺点，总结出了催化剂颗粒以及载体的选择依据。最后分别提出通过技术设备的升级优化、催化颗粒与载体的合理设计、“三步”化学反应的方法来解决电纺技术效率低、催化性能差、氨硼烷再生难的问题。

Application of electrospinning technology in the preparation of dehydrogenation catalysts for ammonia borane hydrolysis

Ammonia borane is considered as a potential solid hydrogen storage material due to its high hydrogen content of 19.6%, high stability, non- toxicity and high solubility in ordinary solvents. The catalysts with micro-nano fibers as carriers prepared by electrospinning technology can effectively overcome the shortcomings of traditional nano-metal catalysts such as agglomeration, loss, pollution and difficult recovery. This paper focuses on the preparation of nano-catalysts for hydrolysis of ammonia borane from three aspects of electrospinning technology, the classification of nanofibers and catalysts. Regarding nanofibers, the steps and key technical points for the preparation of different kinds of fibers by electrospinning were discussed in detail. As for the catalysts, the preparation processes of precious metals and non-noble metal catalysts as well as their advantages were reviewed, and the selection principles of catalyst particles and carriers was summarized. Finally, the methods of upgrading and optimizing both the process and the equipment, rational design of the catalytic particles and the carriers, and the “three-step” chemical reaction are put forward respectively to solve the problems of low electrospinning efficiency, poor catalytic performance and difficult for the regeneration of ammonia borane.