纤维素的改性及应用研究进展

植物纤维素是天然的可再生资源, 对纤维素的改性利用一直是研究的热点。本文简要介绍了纤维素的结构与性质, 综述了纤维素的改性方法, 包括物理改性、化学改性和生物改性等, 其中化学改性是最主要的方法, 包括酯化、磺化、醚化、醚酯化、交联和接枝共聚等, 通常涉及其结构中羟基的一系列反应。通过改性, 引进了一系列离子型基团, 有利于增强纤维素的亲水性。经改性后的纤维素与之前相比, 结晶度和聚合度明显降低, 可及度明显提高, 无论物理性质还是化学性质都表现出更大的优越性。其后回顾了纤维素衍生物在食品、造纸以及建筑行业中的一些研究应用成果, 阐述了其在医药及废水处理等方面的研究进展, 并展望了纤维素衍生物的发展前景。

Progress in modification of cellulose and application

Plant cellulose is a natural renewable resource, and application of the modified cellulose has been a research focus. The structure and properties of cellulose are described, and cellulose modification methods are reviewed, including physical, chemical and biological methods. The main method is chemical modification, including esterification, sulfonation, etherification, ether esterification, crosslinking and graft copolymerization, which involve the reactions of hydroxyl groups in the cellulose. Hydrophilcity of cellulose could be enhanced by introduction of ionic groups. Compared with non-modified cellulose, crystallinity and degree of polymerization of modified cellulose decrease significantly, whereas accessibility is improved remarkably, with superior physical and chemical properties. Finally, the research achievements of cellulose derivatives in food, paper and construction industries are reviewed. Research progresses in pharmaceuticals, wastewater treatment and other areas are presented. Future applications of cellulose derivatives are prospected.