碳酸甘油酯的合成研究及产业化进展

碳酸甘油酯是一种颇具吸引力的高附加值甘油衍生物，研究以甘油为反应底物制备高附加值的碳酸甘油酯，已成为实现生物柴油副产物甘油综合利用的有效途径之一。本文简述了包括光气法、CO氧化羰化法、酯交换法、尿素醇解法、CO ₂转化法等在内的碳酸甘油酯合成方法，总结了现有碳酸甘油酯合成的主要催化剂及催化合成反应机理，并简要介绍了我国原料甘油市场现状及国内外碳酸甘油酯合成的产业化进展。最后，从技术研发和产业化发展两个方面对碳酸甘油酯合成的未来发展进行了展望，指出一方面应在开发具有高性能催化剂的同时注重催化基础理论的研究，另一方面应在优化工艺流程、降低产品成本的同时注重下游产业应用与替代，并提出我国应推进生物柴油副产物甘油合成碳酸甘油酯的规模化生产与应用示范，加快培育具有国际竞争力的生物质能源与废弃物资源化利用产业。

Research and industrialization progress in synthesis of glycerol carbonate

Glycerol carbonate is recognized as one of the most attractive glycerol derivatives. The conversion of biodiesel-generated glycerol into high value-added glycerol carbonate has been one of the effective ways for the comprehensive utilization of glycerol. In this review, conventional synthesis methods of glycerol carbonate, including phosgene method, CO oxidative carbonylation, transesterification, urea alcoholysis and CO ₂ conversion methods are introduced. The primary adopted catalyst as well as the corresponding reaction mechanisms are summarized. The market situation of glycerol carbonate in China and its current industrialization progresses are also analyzed. Finally, the future development is proposed from both research and industrialization perspectives. It is pointed out that we should focus on the basic catalyst theory besides developing high-performance catalysts. On the other hand, we should optimize the process flow and reduce the production cost in addition to focusing on the downstream industrial applications and the possible substitutions. We also suggest that China should promote the large-scale production of glycerol carbonate production by biodiesel by-product glycerol and its demonstration, and thus accelerate the cultivation of the biomass energy and waste resource utilization industry that could be internationally competitive.