聚甲醛纤维制备工艺及其性能的研究

以聚甲醛(POM)切片为原料,在200～210℃进行熔融纺丝制得POM长丝。利用DSC、Olympus偏光显微镜、单纱电子强力仪测定了POM纤维结晶度、熔点、取向度和纤维的机械性能;研究了后处理对POM纤维性能的影响以及拉伸对POM纤维耐酸碱性能的影响。结果表明:(1)POM纤维耐碱性良好,拉伸可以提高POM纤维结晶度、取向度、断裂强度以及耐酸性,但是使断裂伸长率减小;最佳拉伸温度在110℃左右,拉伸倍率在6～8之间。(2)热定形温度对POM纤维结晶度和熔点影响不大,延长热定形时间使POM结晶度、熔点降低;最佳热定形条件为在140℃下热定形4min。(3)经过拉伸热定形后的POM纤维的最大断裂强度和断裂伸长率分别为7.41cN/dtex和19.2%。

Preparation of Polyoxymethylene Fiber and its Properties Study

Polyoxymethylene（POM） fiber was prepared by melt spinning at the temperature from 200 ℃ to 210 ℃.In these experiments particular attention was paid to the drawing and heat setting process.Drawn POM fibers were produced by continuous drawing with various ratios under altered temperatures.The effects of these processes on fibers structures and physical chemical behaviors were discussed.The POM fibers structures and properties were investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry and polarized light microscopy.As the drawing temperature was 110 ℃,drawing ratio was 6 to 8,and the heat setting temperature was 140 ℃,the drawn POM fibers demonstrated good mechanical properties and acid/alkali resistance behaviors.The POM fibers orientation degree,crystallinity,tensile strength and acid resistance increased with the increase of drawing ratios.However,the tensile elongation showed a contrary tendency.Under the optimized process,the fiber maximum ultimate tensile strength and tensile elongation ratio were found to be 7.41 cN/dtex,19.2 % respectively.