水源涵养相关概念辨析及水源涵养能力计算方法

为深刻理解水源涵养相关概念，在综述国内外相关研究的基础上，对水源涵养、水源涵养功能及水源涵养能力代表性概念进行了梳理和辨析，提出了内涵明确、外延清晰的定义。分析认为，水源涵养是生态系统截留降水、贮存水分、调节径流、净化水质、维持生态的过程和现象；水源涵养功能有狭义和广义之分，狭义的水源涵养功能是针对拦蓄降水、调节径流、影响降水量的功能，广义的水源涵养功能除狭义的功能外还包括水土保持、减少植被退化、改善下垫面条件、保护生物多样性、调节气候等生态环境保护功能；水源涵养能力应为水源涵养功能作用大小的定量体现，狭义的水源涵养能力计算主要是对水量的计算，广义的水源涵养能力计算应包括水量、水质及一些生态指标的综合计算。以黄河源区为例，介绍了黄河源区水源涵养能力的不同计算结果及应用说明。

Concept analysis of water conservation and calculation methods of water conservation capacity

To have a deep understanding of the concepts related to water conservation, the representative concepts of water conservation, water conservation function and water conservation capacity were sorted out and differentiated based on reviewing of relevant researches both at home and abroad and the definitions with clear connotations and denotation were put forward. Water conservation is a process and phenomenon in which the ecosystem intercepts precipitation, stores water, regulates runoff, purifies water quality and maintains ecology. Water conservation function has both narrow and broad sense. In the narrow sense, water conservation function is holding precipitation, runoff regulation and influencing precipitation. In the generalized sense, water conservation includes soil and water conservation, degradation reduction of vegetation, underlying surface conditions improvement, biodiversity and ecological environment protection functions such as regulating climate, as well as the special features in the narrow sense. Water conservation capacity is the quantitative embodiment of water conservation function. The water conservation capacity calculation is the calculation of water quantity in the narrow sense while in the broad sense, it should be the comprehensive calculation of water quantity, water quality and some ecological indexes. Finally, taking the source region of the Yellow River as an example, different calculation results and application of water conservation capacity are introduced.