湖北省水生态足迹时空动态分析

随着人口增长和经济发展,自然环境面临的压力显著增加,与人类生存息息相关的水首当其冲,对水这种人类赖以生存的自然资源进行评价具有重要意义。搜集了湖北省2005—2018年的水文和社会经济发展资料,利用生态足迹法,分析湖北省水资源生态足迹、生态承载力、生态盈余/赤字、水资源负载指数和万元GDP生态足迹的年际变化,探讨了丰、平、枯水3个典型年湖北省水生态足迹的空间分布特征。结果显示:湖北省2005—2018年水资源生态足迹逐年增大,而水资源生态承载力不呈显著增大或减小趋势,年际变化较大,湖北省在2005—2018年间均为生态盈余,水资源负载指数年际变化较大,万元GDP生态足迹呈逐年下降趋势;从空间分布上看,武汉、襄阳、孝感水资源负载指数较大,而恩施、咸宁、神农架水资源负载指数较小。这说明湖北省水资源总体上较为丰富,足以维持该地区可持续性发展,但水资源地区分布不均匀,对于工业型城市而言用水压力仍然较大。

Spatio-temporal Dynamics of Water Ecological Footprint in Hubei Province

With population growth and economic development, the pressure on natural environment has increased significantly, and water, which is closely related to human survival, bears the brunt. It is of great significance to evaluate water, a natural resource that human beings depend on for survival. According to the hydrological and socio-economic development data of Hubei Province from 2005 to 2018, we analyzed the interannual changes of ecological footprint of water resources, ecological carrying capacity, ecological surplus/deficit, water resource load index and ecological footprint of 10,000 yuan GDP in Hubei Province using the ecological footprint method. We also discussed the spatial distribution characteristics of water ecological footprint in Hubei Province in three typical years (high flow, flat and low flow years). Results demonstrated that the ecological footprint of water resources in Hubei Province had been on the rise from 2005 to 2018; the ecological carrying capacity of water resources displayed large interannual change rather than significant increase or decrease trend; ecological surplus was observed from 2005 to 2018; the water resource load index presented large inter-annual change; the ecological footprint of 10,000 yuan GDP showed a downward trend year by year. In spatial scale, the water resource load index was high in Wuhan, Xiangyang, and Xiaogan, but low in Enshi, Xianning, and Shennongjia, implying that despite abundant water resources which could afford sustainable development, the distribution among regions was uneven, posing large pressure on industrial cities.