中小河流非点源污染治理负荷估算及分区分类研究

针对中小河流非点源污染治理过程中存在的河流数量众多、基础资料缺乏、重点难以把握等状况，提出一套基于遥感（RS）和地理信息系统（GIS）技术的污染负荷估算方法，识别主要污染物和污染源，确定重点防治地区和流域。以哈尔滨地区为例，在分析非点源污染来源基础上，使用输出系数模型（ECM）估算2010年非点源TN、TP污染负荷及空间分布特征，计算TN、TP等标负荷，确定主要污染物。根据等标污染负荷空间分布差异，将哈尔滨地区划分为5个污染负荷区，以流域为单元用聚类分析法将中小河流归为5类，确定了区域中小河流非点源污染防治重点。

Study on estimation, regionalization and classification of nonpoint source pollution for small and midsize river basins management

For dealing with problems such as the large number of rivers, lack of basic data, difficulties in setting the priorities when managing nonpoint source pollution for small and medium-sized river basins, a set of methods are put forward based on RS and GIS techniques. The methods can estimate the pollution load, identify the principal pollutant and primary pollution source, and determine the prior control area ＆ river promptly and effectively. Taking the Harbin city as example, the non-point source total nitrogen （TN） and total phosphorus （TP） pollution sources are firstly analyzed. Then pollutant load distribution is es- timated using export coefficient model （ECM） referring to the data of statistical yearbook,water resources bulletin and land use data in 2010. The non-point source TN ＆ TP load proportion together with primary pollution source are identified using the equal-standard-pollution-load method. Based on this work, the Har- bin region is divided into 5 subregions according to equal-standard-pollution-load. 58 small and medi- um-sized river regions are classified into 5 classes using cluster analysis method. Therefore the prior area and river basin are determined.