考虑生态流量需求的梯级水库汛末蓄水调度研究——以溪洛渡-向家坝水库为例

针对溪洛渡-向家坝梯级水电站在汛末期发电兴利、汛末蓄水、无效弃水、下游生态需水等多方面存在的水资源利用矛盾，开展了考虑生态流量需求的汛末蓄水调度研究。首先借助于逐月最小生态径流法，计算了两库水电站蓄水期下游的最小生态流量过程，进而提出了基于调度图的改进提前蓄水方案，并引入了生态流量满足度结合其他兴利指标对蓄水方案进行了评价。研究结果表明：考虑到生态流量需求的改进提前蓄水方案，在提高梯级汛末蓄满率、增大发电效益以及减少弃水量的同时，两座水电站的运行出力、下泄流量过程更加平稳，生态流量满足度也得到了明显提高。研究成果可为溪洛渡-向家坝梯级调度运行、提高蓄水兴利与生态效益提供科学的指导依据。

Impounding operation during late flood season of Xiluodu-Xiangjiaba cascade hydropower stations considering ecological flow demand

In order to alleviate water usage conflicts in the aspects of electricity generation, impounding, improper abandoning water and downstream ecological water demand, we analyzed impounding operation of Xiluodu-Xiangjiaba cascade hydropower stations during late flood season considering ecological flow demand.We first calculated the minimum ecological flow during the impounding period in downstream of the power stations using monthly minimum eco-runoff method, then proposed an improved impounding-in-advance scheme based on reservoir operation chart. We employed the ecological flow meeting level and combined it with other indexes to evaluate the proposed scheme. The results show that the scheme not only helps increase full storage rate during late flood season, power generation, and decrease abandoned water, but also stabilizes the discharge flow and power output of the two hydropower stations and significantly improves ecological flow satisfaction level. The proposed scheme can provide scientific reference for increasing water resources utilization and ecological benefits for Xiluodu-Xiangjiaba cascade hydropower stations.