波浪形态及方向分布对港域波浪传播的影响

航道开挖会对波浪的传播产生显著影响，使港内波浪及泊稳条件发生变化。依托物理模型试验结果，验证了MIKE21中BW数值模型的合理性，证实二者结果吻合良好，随后利用该模型对比分析了在规则波、单向不规则波以及多向不规则波作用下，港域波浪扰动系数的分布规律及区别。结果表明：小角度入射波浪下，单向不规则波与规则波在航道迎浪面边坡发生的波能聚集现象明显强于多向不规则波；多向不规则波的方向分布对波浪在航道中的传播产生影响，波浪方向分布范围越窄，航道的折射效应及能量汇聚过程也越明显，航道边坡上的扰动系数也越大。因此在实际工程的航道设计中，应该考虑到不同形态波浪及多向波方向分布在航道传播过程中的差异，尤其在某些涌浪作用较强、波浪能量分布较为集中的港域，以单向不规则波甚至是规则波作为入射波浪将更加合理安全。

Influence of wave shape and direction of wave on wave propagation in harbor area

Channel excavation will have a significant impact on wave propagation and change the berthing condition in the harbor. Based on the physical model test results, the rationality of the BW numerical model of MIKE 21 was firstly verified, the results showed that the physical and simulation results are in good agreement with each other. Then the numerical model was used to compare and analyze the distribution law and difference of wave disturbance coefficient under the action of regular wave, unidirectional irregular wave and multi-directional irregular wave. The specific conclusions were as follows: under the small angle incident wave, the energy accumulation phenomenon of the unidirectional irregular wave and the regular wave on the channel slope is obviously stronger than that of the multi-direction irregular wave. The directional distribution of multi-directional irregular waves has an effect on the wave propagation in the channel. The narrower the wave direction distribution is the more obvious the channel refraction effect and energy convergence process are, and the bigger the disturbance coefficient on the waterway slope is. Therefore in waterway design, we should take into account the influence of wave shape and directional distribution of multi-directional irregular wave on wave propagation, especially in the harbor area where the wave surge is strong and the wave energy distribution is concentrated. It is more reasonable and safer to take the unidirectional irregular wave or even regular wave as incident wave.