The perceived risk of the Line 5 Pipeline and spills under ice |
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| Authors: | Douglas Bessette Michelle Rutty Grant Gunn Volodymyr Tarabara Robert Richardson |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Community Sustainability, Michigan State University, 480 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;2. Faculty of Environment, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;3. Department of Geography & Environmental Management, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;4. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 220 Trowbridge Rd, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;1. Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States;2. Lake Erie Management Unit, Fisheries Division, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Waterford, MI 48327, United States;3. Sandusky Fisheries Research Station, Division of Wildlife, Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Sandusky, OH 44870, United States;4. Fisheries Division, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Lansing, MI 48909, United States;1. Quantitative Fisheries Center, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, 480 Wilson Rd., East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;2. Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research, University of Michigan, 4840, USA;3. Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 867 Lakeshore Rd., Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada;4. Eureka Aquatic Research, LLC, 6245 Wilson Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA;5. NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, 4840 S. State Rd., Ann Arbor MI 48108, USA;1. School of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;2. School of Environmental Science, University of Guelph Ridgetown, 120 Main St E, Ridgetown, ON N0P 2C0, Canada;1. Watershed Research Group, School of Engineering, University of Guelph, ON, Canada;2. Stockholm Environment Institute Asia Center, Bangkok, Thailand;3. Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Etobicoke, ON, Canada;1. Michigan Department of Natural Resources, 525 W. Allegan St., Lansing, MI 48933, USA;2. Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife, Sandusky Fisheries Research Station, 305 E. Shoreline Dr., Sandusky, OH 44870, USA;3. Great Lakes Fishery Commission, 2100 Commonwealth Blvd., Suite 100, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA;4. Michigan Department of Natural Resources, 7806 Gale Rd., Waterford, MI 48327, USA;1. Quantitative Fisheries Center, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States;2. Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Lansing, MI 48933, United States |
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| Abstract: | Using the psychometric paradigm of risk in conjunction with surveys of the Michigan public (n = 638) and a regional planning organization (n = 65), we examine the perceived risk and concerns associated with underwater oil pipelines, the Enbridge Line 5 pipeline in particular, and oil spills under ice. The fate of Line 5 is heavily debated in Michigan, specifically the portion that traverses the Straits of Mackinac, which can be ice-covered for months. Scant literature examines how individuals perceive the risk associated with Line 5, its alternatives, or potential spills in open water or under ice. Here we identify considerable concern regarding both the pipeline and the potential for spills under ice on behalf of the public, and increased concern about spills under ice on behalf of the planning organization. Organization members' concerns are significantly predicted by beliefs about the difficulty in remediating spills, however not by beliefs about spills' likelihood, difficulty in detection, noticeability, or consequences. Our results identify the need to better examine and communicate the risks associated with underwater pipelines and spills, both in open water and under ice, as well as options for remediating oil captured under ice. Furthermore, we recommend the adoption of decision-making and risk governance processes that explicitly expand analysis of the social, economic and environmental tradeoffs of underwater pipelines such as Line 5. |
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| Keywords: | Oil spill Enbridge Line 5 Pipeline Perceived risk Lake ice |
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