Revision of the needle-shaped Fragilaria species (Fragilariaceae,Bacillariophyta) in the Laurentian Great Lakes (United States of America,Canada) |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Natural Resources Research Institute, University of Minnesota Duluth, 5013 Miller Trunk Hwy, Duluth, MN 55811 USA;2. Meise Botanic Garden, Research Department, Nieuwelaan 38, B-1860 Meise, Belgium;3. University of Antwerp, Department of Biology – ECOSPHERE, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium;4. Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research & Innovation (ERIN) Department, Observatory for Climate, Environment and Biodiversity (OCEB), 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg;1. Department of Biology, University of Vermont, 109 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, VT 05405, USA;2. Rubenstein Ecosystem Science Laboratory, University of Vermont, 3 College Street, Burlington, VT 05401, USA;3. U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center, Lake Superior Biological Station, 2800 Lake Shore Drive East, Ashland, WI 54806, USA;1. University at Buffalo, Graduate Program in Evolution, Ecology and Behavior, 602 Clemens Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA;2. Buffalo State College, Great Lakes Center, 1300 Elmwood Ave., Buffalo, NY 14222, USA;3. University at Buffalo, Department of Geology, 126 Cooke Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA;1. Research Park of St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, VO, Dekabristov Lane, 16, St. Petersburg 199155, Russia;2. Institute of Limnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastianova St. 9, St. Petersburg 196105 Russia;3. N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Northern Dvina Emb. 23, Arkhangelsk 163000, Russia;1. Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-M1-4, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan;2. University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan;3. Institute of Technology of Cambodia, Russian Federation Blvd., P.O. BOX 86, Phnom Penh 12156, Cambodia;4. Ministry of Industry, Science, Technology and Innovation of Cambodia, Preah Norodom Boulevard, Sangkat Phsar Thmey III, Khan Daun Penh, Phnom Penh 120203, Cambodia;5. Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan;1. Department of Medicinal Plants, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran;2. Department of Environmental Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran;3. Department of Fisheries, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran;4. Department of Environment Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Zabol, Sistan, Iran;5. Iran Fisheries Organization, Tehran, Iran;6. Department of Fisheries, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran;1. Purdue University, Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, 195 Marsteller Street, West Lafayette, IN 48105, USA;2. Illinois-Indiana Sea Grant, Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 195 Marsteller Street, West Lafayette, IN 48105, USA;3. Tetra Tech, 10 Post Office Square, Suite 1100, Boston, MA 02109, USA;4. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, 4840 S. State Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48108-9719, USA |
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| Abstract: | We investigated several common, needle-shaped diatoms to better characterize the taxonomy of the genus Fragilaria in the Laurentian Great Lakes. We conducted diatom morphometric analysis facilitated by SEM and LM imaging on samples collected as a part of the USEPA’s long-term biological monitoring program. We resolved several decades-long taxonomic problems in the Great Lakes. The results indicated that previous records of species formerly belonging to the genus Synedra, such as S. (Fragilaria) ostenfeldii, S. (Fragilaria) radians, and S. filiformis, should be corrected as these species likely do not occur in the Great Lakes. Valve morphology confirmed the presence of four previously undescribed species: Fragilaria andreseniana sp. nov., Fragilaria stoermeriana sp. nov., Fragilaria limnetica sp. nov., and Fragilaria michiganensis sp. nov. The morphology of several other Fragilaria taxa in the Great Lakes was examined, including a teratologic taxon (Fragilaria sp. 1), Fragilaria crotonensis, Fragilaria grunowii, and a taxon showing morphological affinity to Fragilaria lemanensis (reported here as Fragilaria cf. lemanensis). The spatial and seasonal distributions of these needle-shaped taxa were also analyzed and discussed. |
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| Keywords: | Diatoms Great Lakes Phytoplankton Taxonomy |
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